Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Project Group Tips

Project Group Tips There are a few things you can do in order to make working in groups a bit easier and to make you an amazing team member when assigned to a group undertaking. Investing in real estate is about the numbers. There's no city tag for Boston, as it's the original site. You also will likely observe that a number of the groups are so important they define who you are. After developing a project group, it's possible to effectively organize and manage the groups depending on your preferences. You have to decide what is perfect for your group. Again, there are 3 groups inside an organization. Packages provide a modular library strategy to developing applications. Projects can consist of multiple actions and deliverable components or they may just have a single step. Click Alphabetical Sort should you wish to reorder projects alphabetically. Project management is the duty of a project manager. The NASA File constitutes the majority of the papers. Failed projects are a breeze to recognize. Organizations might get several projects at a moment. Higher Employability In PMP training, you cannot be a manager if you are unable to deal with a simple situation or problem. Strength training was created around balance. Certification shows they actually know the skills required for the job and have the ability to manage day-to-day routines. Earning project manager certifications can result in training for many diverse jobs. Even if you have the most prosperous company in the Earth, synergy effect of partnership and co-operation can bring your company to a new degree of succeeding. For instance, let's say a business is thinking about developing a business intelligence program product which will allow organizations to predict customer buying pattern. For instance, if one company produces the materials employed by its partner company, and the partner organization is ready to supply some products at a really low cost or even free in any way, it can lessen the expenses of both companies significantly. Sometimes, two companies compete with one another in the marketplace. Monthly, the entire group can get together to discuss everybody's progress. Earth lay behind the opposite side of the portal. The most important advantage of training in a group is the fact that it encourages you to practice daily and permits the job of planning part of your routine. You willingly take part in the group procedure and production of content. For instance, you may have several Fixed-price project group types, one for every one of your business's revenue recognition scenarios. The very first company attempts to offer you the most intriguing deals to suppliers. The Birth of the Project Group In the event the project group doesn't examine the approximation as being a commitment, then there's hardly any chance the estimate will be fulfilled. Not learning from passed projects is a dependable method to fail in the construction of experience! Dr. Who journeys through time in an extremely advanced time machine which is named TARDIS. If you still have enough time and energy you're able to switch this up in the exact next session. The work was done, the money was spent without council authorization. In reality it's a superb example! It may also allow it to be feasible for your company to survive in the industry. Take a look at our writing services reviews and find out how top rated essay writing companies do the job. The Hidden Facts on the Project Group The actor may be a human or another system. These tables provide additional information about the requirements for altering the project group type as soon as the original project comprises certain kinds of transactions. Operational project management utilizes the exact tools and techniques, and acts under the exact ailments. The focus isn't on the topic of the project but instead on people, tasks and systems. Part of genealogy requires the examination of old photographs in order to spot subjects and time periods. If you would like to learn more on the subject of project management ouronline PMP training or CAPM trainingwill steer you through every facet of process groups.

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Essay about The Enigma of Schizophrenia - 2628 Words

There are many disorders throughout the world that affect people on a daily basis. They are life altering and life changing. They affect how a person can function on a normal level of life. This, in itself, is an interesting way of viewing the disorder, but it truly is the way that schizophrenia is viewed. The term normal is in its self a complex concept, but to understand that for the purpose of schizophrenia; normal is anything that deviates from the socially accepted way of conducting one’s self. The person affected by this disorder is drifting away from reality and, at the same time, drifting away from who they have been their whole life. It has been stated that schizophrenia plays a very large role pertaining†¦show more content†¦While the disorder is taking its course, the person that has it will become out-casted and choose to deviate from the culture within their normal habitat. They choose not to be around others for fears that cannot easily be explain ed. The only way of looking at it and simply understanding it is to say that the person is scared of what could happen. They do not know how the others around them will accept them, and they do not know what the voices they hear may tell them. If pressured in certain situations, the person will snap and have no true control over their actions. Jeffery S. Nevid is an accredited author, professor, director of psychology programs, editor, research conductor, and all around a highly educated man who has divulged much of his life to researching the various psychological aspects of daily life. He has published roughly 32 books, such as Psychology and the challenges of life: Adjustment and growth, and many other various works. He has taught courses pertaining to psychology but more specifically abnormal psychology. This all evolves to a very well-educated man who knows what he is speaking of within the context of schizophrenia. He has stated the following: People who develop schizophrenia become increasingly disengaged from society. They fail to function in the expected roles of student, worker, or spouse, and their families and communities grow intolerant of their deviant behavior. Acute episodes ofShow MoreRelatedSchizophreni The Disease Within Male Young Adults980 Words   |  4 Pageshas been around since mankind ever existed. Schizophrenia was first diagnosed and identified by a German physician, Dr. Emil Kraepelin. Kraepelin discovered the disease within male young adults. At first, the disease was named dementia praecox. Then, a Swiss psychiatrist, Eugene Bleuler changed the name to schizophrenia. Both Bleuler and Kraepelin subdivided schizophrenia into categories and discovered positive and negative symptoms. Schizophrenia is a brain disease that interferes with normalRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On People On A Daily Basis808 Words   |  4 Pagesof understanding schizophrenia; normal is anything that deviates from the socially accepted way of conducting one’s self. The person affected by this disorder is drifting away from reality and, at the same time, drifting away from who they have been their whole life. It has been stated that schizophrenia plays a very large role pertaining to who a person is and how that person’s actions are interpreted by the culture they live in. To contain the context of what schizophrenia is, the textbook definitionRead MoreAnalysis of Schizophrenia705 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of schizophrenia in the world population has determined that the disease has a low incidence but a high prevalence due to the chronic nature of the disorder. Although evidence has shown that schizophrenia does have a tendency to be passed along in families, other studies have implicated the environment, in addition to genetics, as a factor in developing the disorder. Because the economic burden of treating and caring for those affected by schizophrenia exceeds $30 billion annually, understandingRead MoreNature vs. Nurture: Parents or Environment Essay example571 Words   |  3 Pagesdifficult to understand, thus making the topic of nature vs. nurture extremely controversial. The debates always show that nature and nurture contrast but then there may be evidence that suggest that the two are linked and a person is actually an enigma characterized by the mixture of predisposed genetics and environmental influences. The idea that nature and nurture are joined is great to oppose nativists, people on the nature side, and empiricists, people sided with nurture. As mentioned beforeRead MoreIgnorance Is Not An Excuse For Not Learning Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pagesexhibits itself in polite rebellion. This snap that occurs, according to some critics, could be schizophrenia presenting itself. This is a mental disorder that is a brain disease and usually appears in early adulthood, as it does in Bartleby. An episode of this illness, often if not always, includes odd behavior, withdrawal from people, and detachment from reality. Looking into Bartley further, knowing schizophrenia causes inappropriate actions, withdrawal from reality, and including a loss of perceptionRead MoreThe Perception Of Personality Disorders Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesOut of Sync The human mind is a mysterious and complex enigma. Neurologists and psychiatrists are still on the verge of understanding behavioral patterns to the fullest extent. There are many behavior patterns that people are not fully aware of most of the time. However, some people have behavior patterns that affect their daily lives negatively. These patterns are ingrained into their personality and may alienate others and may prevent them from achieving life goals. These traits are some ofRead MoreThe Perception Of Personality Disorders Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesThe human mind is a mysterious and complex enigma. Neurologists and psychiatrists are still on the verge of understanding behavioral patterns to the fullest extent. There are many behavior patterns that people are not fully aware of most of the time. However, some people have behavior patterns that affect their daily lives. These patterns are ingrained into their personality and can prevent them from reaching life goals. Thes e traits are some of the fundamentals of personality disorders. PsychiatristRead MoreThe Effects Of Autism On Children And Children Who Had Special Needs1300 Words   |  6 Pagesthat have accumulated in the air (NIH). Another was that the mercury in the vaccines given to children at a young age was causing a rapid increase in this disorder. Again, these are only a few of the many hypotheses’ in order to explain the autism enigma. This is not a US only problem. Families everywhere are now coping with caring for a child diagnosed with autism, which leads us to how families cope with this life changing news. Cultural variables are crucial in determining how well a family willRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book David Aames 1422 Words   |  6 Pagespossibly aware that his suicide attempt wouldn’t outcome to the end of his life; I still find it uncertain whether David should be considered a death seeker or a death ignorer. Hopefully following some further research I will find the answer to this enigma. Research Portion Suicide and suicidal behavior is not merely the result of an individual feeling hopeless or down and out. As a matter of fact, there are myriad proximal risk factors within one’s life that could possibly lead to symptoms andRead MoreRobert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde2662 Words   |  11 Pagesstory because soon after this he starts to become the narrator along with Enfield. While they are talking to each other the audience is finding out what is happening. Next, later in the novella we find out that Utterson is actually representing schizophrenia and duality that is in the personality of Jekyll. On one hand Mr. Utterson is showed as a rather typical lawyer but at the same time he fights his temptation to drink vintage wines as it is considered immodest in Victorian morals. So, to console

Monday, December 9, 2019

Strategic Management and Unilever free essay sample

The objective of this report is to provide an overview and examination of the Personal Products Industry – covering industry structure, competitors, past and future performance trends, and conclusions about attractiveness for incumbents. Additional objectives include a competitor analysis, comparing Procter Gamble and Unilever, an examination of their strategies, and recommendations for future growth and sustainability.Our analysis includes global operations, financial results, market share and current initiatives. Information for these analyses was derived from library databases, internet searches and company websites. Industry Defined The industry segment chosen for this analysis has been assigned the SIC code 2844 entitled Perfumes, Cosmetics and other Toilet Preparations. Companies within this industry have referred to this market segment as the Personal Products Industry. A complete list of the products included in this industry has been provided in Appendix A.The SIC 2844 category, when converted to the new North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) was further divided into 2 categories, 325620 (Toilet Preparation Manufacturing) and 325611 (Soap and Other Detergent Manufacturing). We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Management and Unilever or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The global personal products market encompasses fragrances, hair care, make-up, oral hygiene, personal hygiene, and skincare products. This highly competitive industry will â€Å"derive its future performance relative to global consumer spending patterns and raw material prices. †1 In 2005, the leading revenue source in this market was hair care, accounting for 25. percent of the global value (See Appendix B). 2 This industry has recently been affected by rising commodity costs which, coupled with increased marketing spending, put significant pressure on operating margins and earnings in 2005. Earnings per share (EPS) were expected to improve by 2006, as commodity costs began to stabilize. 3 For an analysis of the Industry Structure, Porters 5 Forces Model4 has been used and provided in Appendix C. The result of this analysis reveals strong barriers to entry, moderate bargaining powerTrends and Industry Outlook The household products and personal care segments are expected to be the stronger within the US consumer products industry – entering 2006 with a strong financial profile. These segments are characterized as having well-supported, strong brands and superior product development, commanding premium pricing in sectors that are less cyclical. 14 Two events that dominated the landscape in 2005 for consumer product companies will also have an impact on future performance – the continuation of raw material cost escalations, which in turn prompted P;G and Unilever 4 rice increase announcements, and significant mergers or pending mergers among them, P;G’s acquisition of Gillette. Many companies instituted cost reduction programs, but in the end, few companies were able to fully offset raw materials cost escalation. In addition, industry competition in the f orm of advertising has ratcheted upward, largely due to the strong influence of P;G in 2005. 15 Changes affecting the demographics and demands of the consumer, such as the aging baby boomers causing an increase in the demand for age-defying skin care and hair color, or animal rights activists protesting animal testing, directly affect the industry.The growing need for compliance with more stringent environmental regulations, and the consumer demand for natural and organic products, have also changed how products are produced, requiring additional investment and expanded product lines. Keeping up with changing wants and needs of the consumer in order to remain competitive in this industry increases the need for investment in research and development. Globalization and the growing ethnic population in the US will also continue to broaden the industry and create new market segments.Not only the US economy, but also the global economy, will affect sales for items not considered a necessity, such as some cosmetics, perfumes, and household items. The consumer will continue to be influenced by price and convenience for most products. â€Å"There is a close correlation between a country’s consumption of soaps and detergents and its standard of living. †16 Trends in how consumers shop also affect the industry. Beginning in the 1990s into the 2000s, consumers began purchasing these types of products at mass discount centers, such as Costco and Sam’s Club, rather than at upscale department stores. 7 These macro-level factors – environmental regulations (government), the global economy, the cost of raw materials, global competition, innovations in research, consumer demographics, and the ever changing wants and needs of the consumer – will continue to impact the performance of companies in this industry. Companies expected to fare well in the future are those with strong momentum from earlier and successful restructuring actions whose cost savings are ramping up quickly, with less exposure to specific raw materials, and with balance sheet flexibility. 18 P;G and Unilever 5Strategic Challenges and Opportunities As mergers and acquisitions continue, this industry will likely become more consolidated, which, along with strong entry barriers and substantial rivalry among existing members, will favor sustainability for incumbents. Cost and availability of raw materials may continue to pose a threat to smaller firms lacking adequate capital reserves to compensate for a dditional costs. Future performance in this industry will be tied to global consumer spending patterns and raw material prices. Expansion into global markets will be important for future growth.As is seen by the trends in imports and exports provided in Appendices L and M, expansion into the global market is not new to this industry. â€Å"Low consumption of household products in emerging markets – such as China and India – represents an opportunity for companies to expand their revenues and escape from the stale performance of their home markets. †19 The fastest growing and emerging markets include the Pacific Rim20, Latin America, and Eastern Europe21 (see Appendix N). While the Asia-Pacific area is noted to be a key emerging market for this industry, one of the main hindrances in this area has been low income. 2 Products designed for areas with higher incomes may not be suitable for emerging markets; thus companies desiring to expand into this region will need to invest in development of products that can be priced more affordably. A global expansion study would be recommended to determine which countries would provide the best opportunity. The expanding US Market for natural and organic personal care products is an opportunity for industry to provide products for a growing consumer want and need. Most US Consumers are willing to pay, and are used to paying, a higher price for natural and organic products. If the personal products industry can find ways to produce natural and organic products at reasonable costs, the profit margins on such products are expected to be greater than their non-organic counterparts. Industry Conclusions The attractiveness of the Personal Products industry includes such elements as steady growth in consumer demand and repeat purchase of the products, since most are consumables. Some larger current producers are achieving economies of scale, brand loyalty, and first mover advantage. Other smaller P;G and Unilever 6 producers have developed a market niche for a specific consumer need and have been successful. Strategic Management and Unilever free essay sample Introduction: Unilever is a multinational corporation with â€Å"extensive product offerings in the food, detergent, and personal care business.† Because Unilever is organizing its companies on a decentralized structure, they are falling behind their competitors. In order for Unilever to succeed as a company they must look over their whole business strategy starting from their foundation and working their way through each and every subsidiary. In making minor adjustments for improvement, Unilever might pull through and have a chance of becoming a successful company once again. Case Problems: Unilever is facing many problems not only within the company but with competition as well. â€Å"Competitors are more successful by building global brands, reducing cost structure, and executing simultaneous product launches in several national markets.† In Unilever’s case, the decentralized structure is working against any efforts of building both global and regional brands. Because of many duplicates in â€Å"manufacturing, a lack of scale economies, and a high-cost structure,† they are trailing behind competitors in bringing new products to the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Management and Unilever or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Alternatives: One alternative Unilever could take would be to focus more on the products that bring in the most profit. In this case it would be the food products, which account for â€Å"60 percent of sales and include strong offerings in margarine, tea, ice cream, frozen foods, and bakery products.† Mainly because not everyone is willing or able to buy name brands or certain detergents, but there will always be a need for food. If they put more of their focus on this they would be able to exceed the already 70 percent of market share in other countries. The only downfall I see in this would be the extra profit that would normally come in from the other two options would decrease. Another alternative Unilever might consider might be to focus its detergents and personal care products in accordance to the needs and wants of communities in certain areas. For example, while one country might see it more fit to have Omo, another region might prefer the personal care products of Calvin Klein. In researching the area and what customers seem more comfortable with would help enhance sales. However, if the company would be willing to invest both time and money in doing this would be upon them. A third alternative would be for the company’s financial and marketing team to use the SWOT analysis. By using this, the company would get a better understanding of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This would give them the chance to take advantage of what they are doing well while also showing them what exactly they should focus on to improve. Again, it would just be whether the company is willing to take the time and money to put int o the analysis. Solutions: Unilever â€Å"introduced a new structure based on regional business groups.† By creating groups and divisions in the company, each team was able to focus on a specific category of products. In doing so â€Å"groups and divisions coordinated the activities of national subsidiaries within their region to drive down operation costs and speed up the process of developing and introducing new products.† However, even with this change in structure, Unilever was still lagging behind the competition. Therefore, the company cut the number of brands sold â€Å"from 1,600 to 400 that could be marketed on a regional or global scale.† They also â€Å"reduced manufacturing plants from 380 to about 280.† Even after proceeding with this new foundation, they were still behind the competition. Unilever then decided to establish just two global product divisions. This included a â€Å"food division and a home and personal care division.† Contingency: If the solutions and changes made to the company fail, one back-up plan would be to cut out either the food or home and personal care division. That way the company would be able to focus on just one certain area. In doing so they would cut back even more products and brands, as well as  reducing manufacturing plants even more. This would help cut not only labor costs, but operating costs as well. As far as competition goes, Unilever would fall behind competing companies even more, therefore, instead of going for a global business, they should start back locally and overtime work their way back up. If they keep going at the rate they are, the company would take a bigger fall and might be harder for it to bounce back. Overtime, as they work on building the business then they can look into adding the other division, and then eventually work into competition globally once again. Conclusion: Unilever took a big step in trying to change and improve the company. Most businesses find it hard to accept change and that’s always the downfall to any great company. As far as the competition goes, Unilever has a lot to catch up on. They fell to far behind other competitors and suffered greatly from this. As long as Unilever stays patient with building their company up to what it once was, I feel that they will have no problem accomplishing a very successful company overtime.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Projectile Motion free essay sample

A pool ball leaves a 0. 60-meter high table with an initial horizontal velocity of 2. 4 m/s. Predict the time required for the pool ball to fall to the ground and the horizontal distance between the tables edge and the balls landing location. b. A soccer ball is kicked horizontally off a 22. 0-meter high hill and lands a distance of 35. 0 meters from the edge of the hill. Determine the initial horizontal velocity of the soccer ball. Problem Type 2: A projectile is launched at an angle to the horizontal and rises upwards to a peak while moving horizontally. Upon reaching the peak, the projectile falls with a motion that is symmetrical to its path upwards to the peak. Predictable unknowns include the time of flight, the horizontal range, and the height of the projectile when it is at its peak. Examples of this type of problem are a. A football is kicked with an initial velocity of 25 m/s at an angle of 45-degrees with the horizontal. We will write a custom essay sample on Projectile Motion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Determine the time of flight, the horizontal distance, and the peak height of the football. b. A long jumper leaves the ground with an initial velocity of 12 m/s at an angle of 28-degrees above the horizontal. Determine the time of flight, the horizontal distance, and the peak height of the long-jumper. The second problem type will be the subject of  the next part of Lesson 2. In this part of Lesson 2, we will focus on the first type of problem sometimes referred to as horizontally launched projectile problems. Three common kinematic equations that will be used for both type of problems include the following: Equations for the Horizontal Motion of a Projectile The above equations work well for motion in one-dimension, but a projectile is usually moving in two dimensions both horizontally and vertically. Since these two components of motion are independent of each other, two distinctly separate sets of equations are needed one for the projectiles horizontal motion and one for its vertical motion. Thus, the three equations above are transformed into two sets of three equations. For the horizontal components of motion, the equations are Of these three equations, the top equation is the most commonly used. An application of projectile concepts to each of these equations would also lead one to conclude that any term with ax  in it would cancel out of the equation  since ax= 0 m/s/s. Equations for the Vertical Motion of a Projectile For the vertical components of motion, the three equations are In each of the above equations,  the vertical acceleration of a projectile is known to be -9. 8 m/s/s  (the acceleration of gravity). Furthermore, for the special case of  the first type of problem  (horizontally launched projectile problems), viy  = 0 m/s. Thus, any term with viy  in it will cancel out of the equation. The two sets of three equations above are the kinematic equations that will be used to solve projectile motion problems. Solving Projectile Problems To illustrate the usefulness of the above equations in making predictions about the motion of a projectile, consider the solution to the following problem. ExampleA pool ball leaves a 0. 60-meter high table with an initial horizontal velocity of 2. 4 m/s. Predict the time required for the pool ball to fall to the ground and the horizontal distance between the tables edge and the balls landing location. | The solution of this problem begins by equating the known or given values with the symbols of the kinematic equations x, y, vix, viy, ax, ay, and t. Because horizontal and vertical information is used separately, it is a wise idea to organized the given information in two columns one column for horizontal information and one column for vertical information. In this case, the following information is either given or implied in the problem statement: Horizontal Information| Vertical Information| x = vix  = 2. 4 m/sax  = 0 m/s/s| y = -0. 60 mviy  = 0 m/say  = -9. 8 m/s/s| As indicated in the table, the unknown quantity is the horizontal displacement (and the time of flight) of the pool ball. The solution of the problem now requires the selection of an appropriate strategy for using the  kinematic equationsand the known information to solve for the unknown quantities. It will almost always be the case that such a strategy demands that one of the  vertical equations  be used to determine the time of flight of the projectile and then one of the  horizontal equations  be used to find the other unknown quantities (or vice versa first use the horizontal and then the vertical equation). An organized listing of known quantities (as in the table above) provides cues for the selection of the strategy. For example, the table above reveals that there are three quantities known about the vertical motion of the pool ball. Since each equation has four variables in it, knowledge of three of the variables allows one to calculate a fourth variable. Thus, it would be reasonable that a vertical equation is used with the vertical values to determine time and then the horizontal equations be used to determine the horizontal displacement (x). The  first vertical equation  (y = viy†¢t +0. 5†¢ay†¢t2) will allow for the determination of the time. Once the appropriate equation has been selected, the physics problem becomes transformed into an algebra problem. By substitution of known values, the equation takes the form of -0. 60 m = (0 m/s)†¢t  + 0. 5†¢(-9. 8 m/s/s)†¢t2 Since the first term on the right side of the equation reduces to 0, the equation can be simplified to -0. 60 m = (-4. 9 m/s/s)†¢t2 If both sides of the equation are divided by -5. 0 m/s/s, the equation becomes 0. 122 s2  =  t2 By taking the square root of both sides of the equation, the time of flight can then be determined. = 0. 350 s  (rounded from 0. 3499 s) Once the time has been determined, a  horizontal equation  can be used to determine the horizontal displacement of the pool ball. Recall from the  given information, vix  = 2. 4 m/s and ax  = 0 m/s/s. The first horizontal equation (x = vix†¢t + 0. 5†¢ax†¢t2) can then be used to solve for x. With the equation selected, the physics problem once more becomes transformed into an algebra problem. By substitution of known values, the equation takes the form of x = (2. 4 m/s)†¢(0. 3499 s) + 0. 5†¢(0 m/s/s)†¢(0. 499 s)2 Since the second term on the right side of the equation reduces to 0, the equation can then be simplified to x = (2. 4 m/s)†¢(0. 3499 s) Thus, x = 0. 84 m  (rounded from 0. 8398 m) The answer to  the stated problem  is that the pool ball is in the air for 0. 35 seconds and lands a horizontal distance of 0. 84 m from the edge of the pool table. The following procedure summarizes the above problem-solving approach. a. Carefully read the problem and list known and unknown information in terms of the symbols of the kinematic equations. For convenience sake, make a table with horizontal information on one side and vertical information on the other side. b. Identify the unknown quantity that the problem requests you to solve for. c. Select either a horizontal or vertical equation to solve for the time of flight of the projectile. d. With the time determined, use one of the other equations to solve for the unknown. (Usually, if a horizontal equation is used to solve for time, then a vertical equation can be used to solve for the final unknown quantity. ) One caution is in order. The sole reliance upon 4- and 5-step procedures to solve physics problems is always a dangerous approach. Physics problems are usually just that problems! While problems can often be simplified by the use of short procedures as the one above, not all problems can be solved with the above procedure. While steps 1 and 2 above are critical to your success in solving horizontally launched projectile problems, there will always be a problem that doesnt  fit the mold. Problem solving is not like cooking; it is not a mere matter of following a recipe.